Understanding IUI: A Comprehensive Guide for Prospective Parents

We at PHS Fertility IVF & Womancare understand the emotional rollercoaster of trying to conceive, and we are here to support you every step of the way. 

This blog is dedicated to providing you with a comprehensive guide to Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), a commonly used fertility treatment that can bring you closer to your dream of parenthood.

This guide is designed to be practical and informative. It will explain IUI, how it works, and who can benefit from it. We’ll guide you through the entire process, from preparation to aftercare, so you know exactly what to expect. We’ll also address common questions and concerns, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of IUI. 

Our aim is to empower you with the knowledge you need to make informed decisions about your fertility journey. Whether you’re just starting or considering your next steps, this blog is a valuable resource for getting a preliminary idea about IUI and how it can help you achieve your dream of having a child.

Let’s jump right in

What is IUI? 

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a procedure used in artificial insemination. It involves preparing and concentrating sperm before placing it directly into the uterus with a small catheter during ovulation. 

The aim of IUI is to enhance the number of healthy sperm that reach the fallopian tubes at the peak of the ovulation cycle, thereby increasing the likelihood of pregnancy. By targeting the optimal time for fertilization, IUI seeks to improve the chances of conception for individuals experiencing fertility challenges.

Let’s Understand the IUI Procedure

1. Ovulation Monitoring

   The first step in the IUI process here at one of the most reliable fertility centres in Kolkata involves tracking your menstrual cycle to identify the optimal time for the procedure. This includes blood tests to check hormone levels and other assessments like ovulation predictor tests and ultrasounds.

2. Ovulation Stimulation

 Often, IUI is paired with ovulation stimulation, which uses medications to increase the chances of success. These medications can be oral, such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid® or Serophene®), or injectable, like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

3. Sperm Collection and Preparation

   A semen sample is provided by either a male partner or a sperm donor, usually through masturbation in a sterile setting. The sample is then processed to separate the most viable sperm from the seminal fluid. If frozen sperm from a partner or donor is used, it is thawed and prepared for insemination.

4. Insemination

   This step is straightforward and typically painless. A thin, flexible catheter is inserted through the vagina to place the prepared sperm directly into the uterus.

5. Pregnancy Test

   About two weeks after the IUI procedure, a pregnancy test is conducted. A positive result indicates successful fertilization and implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall.

When is IUI Needed?

IUI can be advantageous for couples in various situations.

For the Male Partner:

  • Subnormal Semen Parameters: Issues like low sperm count or abnormal sperm morphology.
  • Sexual Dysfunction: Conditions such as erectile dysfunction (impotence) or anejaculation (inability to ejaculate).

For the Female Partner:

  • Ovulatory Issues: Problems with ovulation or absence of ovulation.
  • Cervical Issues: History of cervical surgery or infections.
  • Unexplained Infertility: No identifiable cause for infertility.
  • Failure of Ovulation Induction: Unsuccessful attempts to stimulate ovulation.
  • Minimal Endometriosis: Mild cases of endometriosis.
  • Semen Allergy: Rare allergic reaction to proteins in semen, causing redness, burning, and swelling upon ejaculation into the vagina.

IUI is also recommended for:

  • Couples experiencing infertility for less than 5 years
  • HIV discordant couples
  • Same-sex couples
  • Single parents

How Should You Prepare On the Day of Your IUI Procedure?

For the Male Partner:

  • Abstinence: The male partner should abstain from ejaculation for 2-5 days before providing the sperm sample.
  • Sperm Sample: On the day of the IUI procedure, the male partner will provide a sperm sample, which should be used within 90 minutes of collection to optimize the outcome.
  • Sperm Washing: The semen sample is processed to remove excess fluid, dead and weak sperm, and debris, concentrating the healthiest and most motile sperm. This process can take up to an hour.

For the Female Partner:

  • Bladder Management: The female partner should not empty her bladder, as a full or semi-full bladder facilitates the IUI process. She can relax while other steps are being completed.
  • Insemination: After sperm washing, the IUI procedure should be performed promptly. Our IUI specialist will insert the washed sperm into the uterine cavity using a fine catheter, increasing the likelihood of fertilization. This quick procedure, lasting less than a minute, may cause minimal discomfort but is not painful.

How Should You Prepare Post the Procedure?

Medications: Our doctor will prescribe progesterone hormonal tablets, which I need to start taking from the second day after the IUI and continue for 15 days.

Pregnancy Test: I’ll also receive a date for the Beta HCG test, which is the pregnancy test.

 What if the Pregnancy Test Result is Negative?

At PHS Fertility, we understand how disappointing a negative pregnancy test can be, but it’s important not to lose hope. Our doctors will advise you on the next steps based on your specific infertility causes and the ages of both partners. Generally, the IUI procedure can be repeated for 3-6 cycles to increase the chances of success.

How Many Cycles of IUI Should You Consider?

In general, up to 6 cycles of IUI can be done on patients. However, most couples generally conceive after the 3rd or 4th cycle. Doctors generally recommend moving to IVF if there is no pregnancy post the 4th cycle. 

Who Should Not Opt for IUI?

Certain conditions make the IUI procedure unsuitable:

  • Females with Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Those with both fallopian tubes blocked.
  • Females with Severe Pelvic Infections: Those experiencing serious pelvic infections.
  • Males with Extremely Low Sperm Count: Those with less than 1 million sperm count after semen washing.

Benefits of Undergoing an IUI Procedure

  • Increases Pregnancy Chances: Directly places sperm into the uterus, enhancing fertilization potential.
  • Addresses Cervical Issues: Overcomes cervical mucus problems that hinder sperm movement.
  • Cost-Effective: More affordable than other assisted reproductive techniques like IVF.
  • Non-Invasive: Less invasive compared to surgical procedures.
  • Simple and Quick: The procedure is straightforward and takes less than a minute.
  • Helps with Male Infertility: Effective for men with low sperm count or motility issues.
  • Supports Same-Sex Couples and Single Parents: Provides a viable option for family planning.

Risks Involved in IUI

  • Infection: There’s a slight infection risk after the procedure.
  • Multiple Pregnancies: Increased chance of twins or more, especially with ovulation-stimulating medications.
  • Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): Rare but possible when using fertility drugs, leading to swollen, painful ovaries.
  • Spotting: Minor vaginal bleeding or spotting can occur due to the catheter.
  • Ectopic Pregnancy: Slightly increased risk of the fertilized egg implanting outside the uterus.
  • Emotional Stress: The process can be emotionally taxing, particularly with repeated cycles.
  • Procedure Failure: There’s no guarantee of success, and multiple attempts may be needed.

What are IUI Success Rates?

Although IUI is a simpler procedure, its success rates are lower than those of IVF. Generally, success rates for IUI range between 10% and 20%, and they depend on a number of factors. 

Age: Younger women typically have higher success rates.

Cause of Infertility: Factors such as ovulatory issues or mild male infertility influence outcomes.

Sperm Quality: Higher sperm count and motility increase success rates.

Uterine and Tubal Health: Healthy fallopian tubes and uterine lining are crucial.

Medication Use: Ovulation-stimulating drugs can enhance the chances of success.

Timing: Accurate timing of the procedure with ovulation is essential.

Number of Cycles: Multiple cycles can improve cumulative success rates.

How Much Does IUI Cost?

An IVF process is much more complex and costly than an IUI procedure. There are various factors like cost of medication and the use of domor semen, that influence the cost of IUI. 

Considered one of the most reliable fertility centres in Kolkata, at PHS Fertility IVF & Womancare, an IUI process using the husband’s semen costs about seven and a half thousand rupees and with donor semen, it costs about fifteen thousand rupees. 

What are the Conditions Under Which You Require Donor Semen?

Severe Male Infertility: Extremely low sperm count or poor sperm quality.

Genetic Disorders: Risk of passing on hereditary conditions from the male partner.

Azoospermia: Complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate.

Failed Treatments: Unsuccessful outcomes from other fertility treatments.

Single Women: Women seeking to conceive without a male partner.

Same-Sex Female Couples: Lesbian couples looking to start a family.

Male Partner’s Medical Treatments: Situations where medical treatments (like chemotherapy) have affected sperm production.

How to Choose a Semen Donor?

Medical History

Ensure the donor has a thorough medical history check for genetic disorders and health issues.

Screening Tests

Confirm the donor has undergone rigorous screening for infectious diseases and genetic conditions.

Physical Traits

Consider physical attributes like height, weight, eye colour, and hair colour that match your preferences.

Educational Background

Review the donor’s educational and professional background.

Personal Interests and Traits

Look at the donor’s hobbies, interests, and personality traits to find a compatible match.

Donor Anonymity

Decide whether you prefer an anonymous donor or one who is willing to be known to the child in the future.

Donor Reliability

Choose a reputable sperm bank with a rigorous donor selection and screening process. Being one of the most reputable fertility centres in Kolkata, our donor programme has a rigorous selection and screening process to ensure 

Legal Considerations:

Understand the legal implications and rights of using a sperm donor in your region.

Begin your Journey Towards Parenthood with PHS Fertility

Deemed as one of the best fertility centres in Kolkata, we strive to provide you with effective and empathetic care. Everyone’s IUI journey is different and requires a customized approach. Our fertility specialists and experienced medical experts are equipped with the latest technology to provide the specialised care you deserve. Visit our website to find out more about our IUI services and other fertility-related procedures. 

Book a free consultation with one of our fertility specialists to figure out the journey towards fertility that suits you.

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